What percentage of steering arm full travel must be retained in minimum retained hydraulic performance?

The correct percentage for minimum retained hydraulic performance in steering systems is 90%. This standard ensures that a sufficient portion of the steering arm's full travel is available for safe and effective operation of hydraulic steering systems. Retaining 90% of the full travel helps mitigate potential issues such as steering loss or reduced control, which could be dangerous while operating a vessel.

Hydraulic systems rely on precise performance to maintain responsive steering, especially in demanding situations or conditions at sea. By ensuring that 90% of the full travel is maintained, operators can confidently maneuver their vessels while getting the necessary feedback and control.

Options representing lower percentages would not meet the safety standards required for consistent hydraulic performance. If, for example, only 80% retention were permitted, it could lead to situations where the steering response is not adequate, compromising the vessel's maneuverability and safety.