What safety factor should be used for determining necessary restraining forces for the installation of a holding tank?

The correct approach for determining necessary restraining forces for the installation of a holding tank is to utilize a safety factor of twice the weight of the tank and its contents. This safety factor, expressed as 2X, accounts for possible dynamic forces that may occur during operation, such as the motion of the vessel on the water, changes in load distribution, or unexpected impacts.

The rationale behind choosing a safety factor of 2 is to ensure that even under adverse conditions, the restraining mechanism is robust enough to prevent any damage, leakage, or release of the holding tank. This level of precaution is particularly important in marine applications, where stability and safety are paramount. Using a safety factor lower than this could potentially lead to failure under stress, which could have serious environmental and safety implications.

Each of the other options suggests lower safety factors, which may not provide adequate protection against the potential forces acting on the tank during operation. Using a lower safety factor might be cost-effective in the short term but poses higher risks in terms of safety and environmental compliance, making it essential to adhere to established guidelines for marine installations.